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The classical allergic diseases: multiple causes THE CLASSICAL ALLERGIC DISEASES: MULTIPLE CAUSES
Allergens can be conveniently divided into four groups: those we eat, the food allergens or ingestants, those we breathe in, the inhalants, those that come into contact with our skin, the contactants, and those that are injected, such as insect stings or antibiotics, the injectants. Airborne allergens, such as pollen and dust, can act in two ways: as inhalants, when they are breathed in, and as contactants, when they land on the skin or eyes.
At one time, doctors thought that the type of allergic reaction depended solely on the sort of allergen involved - inhalants would only cause problems in the nose and lungs, contactants would only cause problems in the skin, and food would only cause problems in the mouth and gut. The demise of this simplistic view of allergies has been described on pll.
In any one allergic disease, there may be two or more allergens at work, some airborne, others ingested. Dr Harry Morrow-Brown of the Midlands Allergy and Asthma Research Association describes the case of a two-year-old boy whose eczema improved considerably after excluding milk and beef from his diet. However, he did not lose all his symptoms. Some months later, his parents took him on holiday, and to their surprise the child recovered completely while away. On the journey home, they picked up their pet dog from the boarding kennel and before they reached home the child was scratching as much as ever. It turned out that the particles of skin (danders) produced by the dog were a contributory cause of the eczema, aggravating the symptoms produced by milk and beef. With the dog banished and the house thoroughly cleaned, the boy's skin healed completely.
As this example shows, considerable detective work is often necessary to track down the many contributing causes of an allergic reaction. With problems such as asthma and rhinitis, particularly, it is essential to understand the part that airborne allergens play before trying to assess the role of food. Although this book is, strictly speaking, about food allergy, we must also consider the role of inhalants and contactants in these allergic diseases.
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Allergies
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